The preparation methods of mesophase carbon microspheres mainly include thermal condensation polymerization, emulsification, suspension, and other preparation methods. The preparation of mesophase carbon microspheres by thermal condensation method involves the condensation of heat treated polycyclic aromatic compounds to produce mesophase small spheres, which are dispersed in the mother liquor of the reaction system and ultimately separated from the mother liquor using appropriate methods. The emulsification method is used to prepare mesophase carbon microspheres. Firstly, the condensed aromatic compounds are heat treated to obtain spherical mesophase, and then the mesophase is emulsified into small mesophase spheres. The specific method for preparing mesophase carbon microspheres by suspension method is to dissolve the mesophase asphalt in organic solvents, use surfactants and water or other solvents to form a suspension, vigorously stir at a certain temperature to make the mesophase asphalt spherical, then heat to remove the organic solvent, cool, filter out, pre oxidize, and carbonize to obtain the mesophase carbon microspheres.